ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: A successful blood meal acquisition process by an adult female mosquito is accomplished through salivary glands, which releases a cocktail of proteins to counteract the vertebrate host’s immune homeostasis. Here, we characterize a salivary-specific Heme peroxidase family member HPX12, originally identified from Plasmodium vivax infected salivary RNAseq data of the mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Methods: To demonstrate we utilized a comprehensive in silico and functional genomics approach. Results: Our dsRNA-mediated silencing experiments demonstrate that salivary AsHPX12 may regulate pre-blood meal-associated behavioral properties such as probing time, probing propensity, and host attraction. Altered expression of the salivary secretory and antennal proteins expression may have accounted for salivary homeostasis disruption resulting in the unusual fast release of salivary cocktail proteins and delayed acquisition of blood meal in the AsHPX12 knockdown mosquitoes. We also observed a significant parallel transcriptional modulation in response to blood feeding and P. vivax infection. Interpretation & conclusion: With this work, we establish a possible functional correlation of AsHPX12 role in the maintenance of salivary physiological-homeostasis, and Plasmodium sporozoites survival/ transmission, though the mechanism is yet to unravel.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Opium and its derivative addiction are one of the most prevalent addictions in western Rajasthan, because it is easily available and is being used openly in social programs as the culture of the same. In western Rajasthan, mainly Doda poppy, opium milk, smack, tramadol, etc. are major forms of opium-derived addictions. Withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, body ache, sleeplessness and flu-like symptoms begin, these symptoms can grow severe enough to necessitate emergency medical attention, and in extreme situations, they might have life-threatening consequences for the user as a result of respiration depression, and pupil dilation in the later stages. The assessment was based on Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (cows) before and after the treatment. Intervention: Efforts have been applied to depict 8 cases of opium addiction in form of series who have been treated with Ahiphenmochanadi vati in the dose of 250 mg twice a day and Sameergaja kerari rasa in the tapering method (Padanshika Krama) starting with the dose of 375 mg along with panchakarma procedures, Shirodhara with til tail, Abhayanga, and Swedana with Mahanarayan Tail and Dashmool kwath respectively for a period of 1 month. Reduction in cows scale was observed, about 75-80% of symptoms subsided in all cases and the results have been reported very encouraging within a period of twenty to thirty days. Conclusion: Altogether, multimodal Ayurveda treatment can be an effective and safe solution for smack addictions.
ABSTRACT
Alcoholic hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver. It is caused by excessive alcohol consumption over an extended period of time. Genetics, other liver disorders, and nutrition may also contribute to alcoholic Liver Disease. In Ayurveda there are so many herbs and natural remedies available for treatment of liver diseases. Herein we present a case of married male of age 36yrswho was reported in Kayachikitsa OPD, All India Institute of Ayurveda New Delhi India with chief complaints of pain in abdomen with mild distension, yellowish discolouration of eyes, skin and dark yellow urine, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, pedal oedema, weakness, anorexia. The diagnosis alcoholic liver disease was made on clinical ground supported with Ultrasonography and blood biochemistry reports. Ayurvedic treatment given was Nitya Virechan with Trivrit Avleha (regular purgative), Bilwadi Gutika Anjana (medicated collyrium) and Shamanoushadhi (palliative drugs). During the treatment the patient was totally abstaining from alcohol. Within 45 days of starting the therapy patient showed significant improvement which were assessed by measuring liver functions through specific clinical features and laboratory parameters. Hence presenting this case is an evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatment in ALD which can be proved an important guideline for treating Alcoholic Liver Disease with safe and effective Ayurveda line of management.
ABSTRACT
The PubMed literature database is a valuable source of information for scientific research. It is rich in biomedical literature with more than 24 million citations. Data-mining of voluminous literature is a challenging task. Although several text-mining algorithms have been developed in recent years with focus on data visualization, they have limitations such as speed, are rigid and are not available in the open source. We have developed an R package, pubmed.mineR, wherein we have combined the advantages of existing algorithms, overcome their limitations, and offer user flexibility and link with other packages in Bioconductor and the Comprehensive R Network (CRAN) in order to expand the user capabilities for executing multifaceted approaches. Three case studies are presented, namely, ‘Evolving role of diabetes educators’, ‘Cancer risk assessment’ and ‘Dynamic concepts on disease and comorbidity’ to illustrate the use of pubmed.mineR. The package generally runs fast with small elapsed times in regular workstations even on large corpus sizes and with compute intensive functions. The pubmed.mineR is available at http://cran.rproject. org/web/packages/pubmed.mineR.